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Construction Safety - Fall Protection: ladder, roof, scaffold, platform,

Construction safety for ladders, scaffold, equipment, steel erection, masonry, fall protection, roofing, body harness, lanyards, safety lines, guardrails, man lifts, personnel lifts.
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Reinforced concrete structure construction: Carpenter climbs down column formwork using column form horizontal support clamps as steps, hand holds, and fall protection anchor points. The column is between the 4th and 5th floors, so carpenter is 45-50 ft above ground next to edge of floor as he climbs and works on outside of column formwork. Photo shows 5 stages, starting at left and moving to right as carpenter climbs down. He is wearing full body harness, with two safety lanyards hooked to the midbody rear ring. At start, his left side lanyard, hidden from view, is hooked to a support bracket to his front right near his right hand, and the right side lanyard is hooked to another body ring. 2nd photo shows this as he steps down and to right side. At 3rd photo he has hooked end of lanyard to 3rd clamp/bracket from top. He has stepped down in 4th photo and released and hooked to 4th clamp down in 5th photo. Carpenter is wise to use fall protection, which would have been improved if he had used both safety lanyards, hooked to one as the other is moved between anchors. Denver, Colorado December 2005.
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Reinforced concrete structure construction: Carpenter climbs down column formwork using column form horizontal support clamps as steps, hand holds, and fall protection anchor points. The column is between the 4th and 5th floors, so carpenter is 45-50 ft above ground next to edge of floor as he climbs and works on outside of column formwork. Photo shows 5 stages, starting at left and moving to right as carpenter climbs down. He is wearing full body harness, with two safety lanyards hooked to the midbody rear ring. At start, his left side lanyard, hidden from view, is hooked to a support bracket to his front right near his right hand, and the right side lanyard is hooked to another body ring. 2nd photo shows this as he steps down and to right side. At 3rd photo he has hooked end of lanyard to 3rd clamp/bracket from top. He has stepped down in 4th photo and released and hooked to 4th clamp down in 5th photo. Carpenter is wise to use fall protection, which would have been improved if he had used both safety lanyards, hooked to one as the other is moved between anchors. Denver, Colorado December 2005.

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  • Steel erection fall protection: Structural steel ironworker straddles wide flange structural steel beam. Fall protection provided by full body harness attached to safety lanyard attached to steel cable loop/sling around beam. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. January, 2007.
  • Steel erection fall protection: Structural steel ironworker on left has fall protection from full body harness attached to safety lanyard attached to steel cable loop/sling around girder as he moves from left to right along wide flange structural steel girderl Here, he liftis cable loop/sling past steel plate attachment that will support far end of a steel floor beam/joist. Ironworker on right his apparently without fall protection, with one safety lanyard attached from cable loop/sling that hangs loose and other end attached to lower ring on his body harness. However, his second lanyard could be attached to a sliding beam flange anchor attached to top flange of girder. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. January, 2007.
  • Structural steel ironworker arc welds corrugated steel deck to beams at periphery of floor opening. Standing ironworker is holding a steel angle iron to be welded in corner to provide support for perimeter cable fall protection (see the other two corners). Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. January, 2007.
  • Construction safety, fall protection: Worker supported by pipe on rear of gang form moves from one bay to the bay on its right, maintaining his fall protection by moving his two safety lanyard-hooks one at a time from his left side to his right. (He has moved from left of the blue-circled point to right of it.) Photo provides close-up view of galvanized steel (gray) turnbuckle columns that slope down from left to right, that can be rotated to push/pull form face against/away from the concrete. Michigan 2006
  • Construction safety, fall protection: Photo panels right to left show worker maintaining fall protection using two lanyard/hook sets attached to his full-body harness. He climbs up to top, with one hook on the tie-off rung between his hands and the other attached near waist level. He then moves the second to alongside the first, then one to lead position, then the other to hook to ring near foot level. The catwalk section in two left panels affords some protection, but its open ends create hazard, alleviated by use of hooks/lanyards. Michigan 2006
  • Construction safety, fall protection: Worker walks along top of concrete basement wall more than 20 feet above the ground, among reinforcing bar tripping hazards, without any fall protection. He carries two safety lanyards and hooks, attached to full body harness and hooked temporarily at his right chest. He has duct tape around bottom of his pants so pants do not catch and trip himl. Michigan 2006.
  • Worker on forms at left is knocking form bolts loose to separate gang forms from concrete basement wall they cast. A worker walks along top of concrete basement wall more than 20 feet above the ground, among reinforcing bar tripping hazards, without all protection. He carries two safety lanyards and hooks, attached to full body harness and hooked temporarily at his right chest. Right foreground is Grove telescoping boom hydraulic crane. Michigan 2006.
  • Construction safety, fall protection: Worker walks along top of concrete basement wall more than 20 feet above the ground, among reinforcing bar tripping hazards, without any fall protection. He carries two safety lanyards and hooks, attached to full body harness and hooked temporarily at his right chest. Instead of protecting him, he repeatedly has them loop over extended rebars, which adds to the hazard. Michigan 2006.
  • Construction safety, fall protection: Worker has contorted himself around top of ladder, without using his fall protection and is now descending ladder. Ladder is itself a hazard, because it is supported at top by a rung (on which he is placing his bottom foot) against the vertical edge of the gang form. Practice and OSHA law require its top to be supported equally by its two side rails. He has walked along top of concrete basement wall more than 20 feet above the ground, among reinforcing bar tripping hazards, without any fall protection. He carries two safety lanyards and hooks, attached to full body harness and hooked temporarily at his right chest. Michigan 2006.
  • Construction safety, fall protection: Worker is contorting himself reaching with his arm and foot around side of ladder, without using his fall protection. Ladder is itself a hazard, because it is supported at top by a rung against the vertical edge of the gang form. It has a loose wire tied around it and concrete bulkhead at top that provides no useful safety. Practice and OSHA law require top of the ladder to be supported equally by its two side rails. Worker carries two safety lanyards and hooks, attached to full body harness and hooked temporarily at his right chest. Michigan 2006.
  • Construction safety, fall protection: Worker is holding on with one hand, leaning back to get his body around catwalk support at top of form, about 20 feet above ground, without using his fall protection. Worker carries two safety lanyards and hooks, attached to full body harness and hooked temporarily at his right chest. Michigan 2006.
  • Construction scaffold: Welded steel tubular modular scaffold with 2"x10" wood plank platforms and toe-boards. 2"x4" lumber guardrails inserted into slots in integral ladders, in conjunction with steel tube cross-bracing provide some, though not adequate, fall protection. Interior structural steel has been sprayed with fireproofing insulation. Cold-formed sheet metal studs will provide support for wall cladding. Ann Arbor, Michigan 2005.
  • Construction methods, construction safety, fall protection: Worker is attaching stanchions on edge of precast hollow core concrete slabs and steel beam top flanges at roof perimeter of 5-story building. Wire cables will be run at top and midheight of stanchions to provide fall protection to construction workers on roof, in parallel with the cables shown on the perimeter of 5th floor below. However, worker erecting stanchions does not himself have any fall protection, though working at roof edge ~60 ft above the ground. In addition, there may be snow/ice patches on the roof this cold February week. Ann Arbor, Michigan, February 2006.
  • Construction safety, roof construction, demolition: Four roofers at edge of roof, without fall protection, manhandle lifting and tying off flared top of trash chute with which to funnel old roofing material into dump truck for disposal. The crew is using two pitch forks (hand tools for roof demolition) to pry top flared part of chute over and above roof edge and gutter. Worker on right shortly thereafter lost his balance but recovers it and sits down on roof, rather than pitching over roof edge and falling two floors. Of course, workers return next day to demolish roof , including near edge, and walk to edge of roof to drop debris into chute. They should all be wearing body harnesses, with lanyards tied back with safety line to a secure support near center of roof. California, 2006.
  • Demolition, construction safety: Crew of 4 at edge of two-story building clay tile roof pull upward and pry outward on top of plastic trash chute to get its lip over the edge of the roof. Worker on ground helps hold chute in position. Work is quite unsafe, because workers are working at roof edge far above ground and sidewalk with no fall protection, such as a body safety harness, safety lanyard, and safety lines tied back to center of roof. Los Angeles, California, January 2006.
  • Construction safety, roof construction, demolition: Four roofers at edge of roof, without fall protection, manhandle lifting and tying off flared top of trash chute with which to funnel old roofing material into dump truck for disposal. The crew is using two pitch forks (hand tools for roof demolition) to pry top flared part of chute over and above roof edge and gutter. Worker on right lost his balance an instant before this photo was taken, and in photo he is raising left arm and sitting back (with grimace on his face), which saved him from pitching over roof edge and falling two floors. Of course, workers return next day to demolish roof , including near edge, and walk to edge of roof to drop debris into chute. They should all be wearing body harnesses, with lanyards tied back with safety line to a secure support near center of roof. California, 2006.
  • Reinforced concrete structure construction: Carpenter climbs down column formwork using column form horizontal support clamps as steps, hand holds, and fall protection anchor points. The column is between the 4th and 5th floors, so carpenter is 45-50 ft above ground next to edge of floor as he climbs and works on outside of column formwork. Photo shows 5 stages, starting at left and moving to right as carpenter climbs down. He is wearing full body harness, with two safety lanyards hooked to the midbody rear ring. At start, his left side lanyard, hidden from view, is hooked to a support bracket to his front right near his right hand, and the right side lanyard is hooked to another body ring. 2nd photo shows this as he steps down and to right side. At 3rd photo he has hooked end of lanyard to 3rd clamp/bracket from top. He has stepped down in 4th photo and released and hooked to 4th clamp down in 5th photo. Carpenter is wise to use fall protection, which would have been improved if he had used both safety lanyards, hooked to one as the other is moved between anchors. Denver, Colorado December 2005.
  • Construction safety, building construction: Two workers install plywood sheathing on roof trusses on 2-story residential building. Workers are standing on previously erected sheathing, at a significant slope, without fall protection. They carry the 4'x8' sheets of plywood sheathing as they need them from the Caterpillar hydraulic telescoping boom 4-wheel drive rough terrain forklift. One slip and a worker rolls down roof and falls ~20' off edge or hits open trusses and may fall through them. Fort Myer Beach, Florida 2005
  • Construction safety, building construction: Worker walks ridge line of roof on 2-story residential building, about 30 ft above ground, without any fall protection. He walks down ridge, then valley to right, then down to far right attic opening. One slip and he rolls down roof and falls ~20 ft off edge. Fort Myer Beach, Florida 2005
  • Fall hazard, unsafe scaffold/ladder, construction safety: Upper work, on ladder, is nailing boards to underside of roof to form a new soffit. Worker standing on scaffold work platform hands the nailer each soffit board. He is standing 12 foot above ground, without fall protection from standard guardrails or personal fall protection gear, and this is a serious fall hazard. A 6 foot stepladder stands on unguarded scaffold platform 20 feet above ground. Therefore, worker(s) worked on stepladder at least 23 feet above ground without using fall protection. Ladder should be tied off at top to scaffold. Ann Arbor, Michigan 2005
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